Final answer:
In the gastrointestinal system of an aging adult, 2) decreased peristalsis is a change that may occur, affecting the movement of food through the alimentary canal and the overall digestion process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse is aware that a change that may occur in the gastrointestinal system of an aging adult is decreased peristalsis. As individuals age, various changes affect the digestive system. There is a reduction in the strength and tone of muscular tissue, which leads to slower movement of food through the alimentary canal. This decrease in peristaltic action can make swallowing more difficult and increase the risk of constipation. The aging process also typically results in a decline in neurosensory feedback, which is critical for stimulating the release of digestive enzymes and hormones, further influencing the efficiency of digestion. Contrary to increased salivation, aging often causes a decrease in salivary gland production, making it more challenging to process and swallow food. Additionally, other changes include a decrease in gastric acid secretion, which can affect the digestion of food in the stomach.