Final answer:
RVSM airspace is defined between FL290 and FL410 where aircraft are separated vertically by 1,000 feet. Specific equipment and pilot authorization are required to operate in this airspace. The RVSM improves air traffic capacity and safety by allowing more aircraft to operate in the same volume of space.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) airspace is defined in CFR Part 91, Appendix G as any airspace or route between FL290 (Flight Level 290, or 29,000 feet) and FL410 (Flight Level 410, or 41,000 feet) inclusive where aircraft are separated vertically by 1,000 feet. This special airspace is established to increase air traffic capacity and reduce the potential for mid-air collision by reducing the standard vertical separation between aircraft flying at these high altitudes from the previous standard of 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet.
To operate within RVSM airspace, an aircraft must be equipped with specific aircraft systems and instrumentation that meet the standards set by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). This includes an autopilot with altitude hold capability, altitude-alerting systems, and others. Pilots must also be specifically authorized and trained to fly in RVSM airspace, as precise altitude control is critical.
Aircraft flying in non-RVSM airspace that do not meet the equipment or pilot authorization requirements are required to fly at altitudes outside of the RVSM flight levels. The exception to this rule includes military operations and aircraft experiencing an in-flight contingency.