Final answer:
The process called gel electrophoresis separates digested DNA fragments in an agarose gel, sorting them by size as they move from a negative to a positive charge. The separated DNA can then be visualized using a fluorescent dye.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that involves the movement of digested DNA fragments through an electrically charged agarose gel at different speeds is known as gel electrophoresis. In this technique, DNA fragments are separated by size due to the negative charge on DNA molecules, with smaller fragments moving faster than larger ones. Agarose gel, a polysaccharide extracted from seaweed, serves as the medium through which the DNA migrates. The DNA molecules move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode within the gel matrix. After the process is complete, DNA fragments are visualized using a fluorescent dye specific for DNA, producing bands that represent molecules of different sizes.