Final answer:
In a utility hydraulic system, the pump's role under no load conditions is to increase fluid pressure without altering kinetic or potential energy. The work input should ideally equate to work output, but friction introduces energy losses that decrease system efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a utility hydraulic system, the function of the pump is to transfer mechanical power from an outside source into the fluid within the system, thereby increasing the fluid's pressure. We can analyze the hydraulic system by applying the conservation of energy principle. This dictates that the pump's output power, under no load conditions, solely goes into increasing the fluid's pressure since the kinetic and potential energies of the fluid remain constant if the input and output hoses are of identical diameter and at the same elevation.
The initial pressure in the system is 0.700 × 106 N/m². When the pump operates, it raises the pressure to 1.62 × 106 N/m². Therefore, the pump's output is the energy required to increase the water pressure by 0.92 × 106 N/m².
Considering a theoretical, frictionless system, work input should equal work output. In practice, however, friction within the fluid and between system components can reduce the output force. The presence of friction results in energy losses, and the system's efficiency decreases. Whether the fluid is moving or stationary changes the nature of this friction, with dynamic friction being a factor when the fluid is moving.