Final answer:
The question addresses the application of aerodynamics and fluid dynamics, particularly Bernoulli's principle, to the generation of lift in aircraft wings and the operation of pumps, which is part of college-level physics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to the principles of aerodynamics as they apply to aircraft design and operation. Underlying this topic is Bernoulli's principle, which explains how changes in the speed of airflow above a wing can create lift. Specifically, for a wingspan to generate the ideal lift of approximately 1000 N per square meter, there must be a difference in airflow velocity between the top and bottom surfaces of the wing.
In the given scenario, if the airspeed relative to the bottom of the wing is 60.0 m/s at sea level with an air density of 1.29 kg/m³, Bernoulli's equation would be used to calculate the necessary speed over the upper surface to produce the required lift.
Similarly, at higher altitudes, the air density decreases, affecting the speed needed over the wing to maintain the same lift. The question also explores how a ventricle in the heart pumps blood and how pressure in a pump system changes relative to the pipe system and elevation changes, which involves the application of fluid dynamics principles.
The examination of the heart's pumping action and the sump pump's operation would require the use of equations from fluid mechanics to calculate power output and pressure changes, which are critical in biomedical engineering and civil engineering applications. In both cases, the conservation of energy and the relationship between pressure, flow rate, and elevation change will be the key to solving these problems.