Final answer:
The 'Standard Model categories' option is not a multiple factor analysis; it refers to a physics theory. Multiple factor analysis includes statistical methods like PCA and MDS, which analyze patterns in data.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to multiple factor analysis, which is a statistical method utilized to analyze data with multiple sets of variables. Among the options listed (40. Standard Model categories, 7. Elements of scientific poll design, and applications of ordination), the one that is not considered a multiple factor analysis is 40. Standard Model categories. The Standard Model is a theory in physics that classifies all known elementary particles, and it is not related to statistical methods such as multiple factor analysis.
On the other hand, ordination techniques like principal components analysis (PCA), correspondence analysis (CA), and multidimensional scaling (MDS) are all multiple factor analysis methods used to summarize and analyze data in reduced-dimensional spaces. These techniques help reveal patterns and relationships among variables in multivariate analyses.
It's important to note that when assessing various statistical methods and their categorization, multiple factor analysis pertains to a statistical approach rather than a scientific theory like the Standard Model.