Question

Changes that indicate early manifestations of local anesthetic systemic toxicity include alterations in cardiac rhythm and rate, blood pressure and _______?

1) respiratory rate
2) body temperature
3) urine output
4) blood glucose level

Answer 1

The early manifestations of local anesthetic systemic toxicity include alterations in cardiac rhythm and rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, leading to potential CNS and cardiovascular complications.

Step-by-step explanation:

Changes that indicate early manifestations of local anesthetic systemic toxicity include alterations in cardiac rhythm and rate, blood pressure, and the correct answer is 1) respiratory rate. The initial signs of systemic toxicity from a local anesthetic primarily involve the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Early symptoms may include CNS excitement, which can quickly progress to CNS depression, resulting in respiratory depression and decreased respiratory rate. Additionally, cardiovascular effects can include alterations in the cardiac rhythm and rate, which could ultimately lead to cardiovascular collapse if the toxicity is not recognized and treated promptly. Furthermore, local anesthetics can affect other physiological functions. Increased body temperature can lead to faster heart rates and stronger heart contractions, whereas a decrease in body temperature can significantly slow these processes down. However, in the context of the question, respiratory rate is the most applicable answer.