Final answer:
The correct statement about anthropologists' work is that they conduct studies through observational research and surveys. Anthropology consists of subfields that include the study of biological evolution, archaeology, culture, and language, often involving extensive research and fieldwork.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the statements regarding the work that anthropologists do, the correct one is: C. Anthropologists conduct studies through observational research and surveys.
Anthropology is a broad field that seeks to understand human culture in all its dimensions. This discipline involves subfields such as biological anthropology, archaeology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. Each of these subfields uses various methods to gather data and conduct fieldwork to answer their research questions.
Biological anthropologists look at human evolution and the emergence of culture over time. Archaeologists examine ancient cultures through material artifacts to understand past social practices and technologies. Cultural anthropologists engage in participant observation to study contemporary societies, while linguistic anthropologists explore how language impacts and is impacted by culture.
Contrary to the other provided options, anthropologists do not exclusively focus on large urban societies, nor do they try to construct an evolutionary hierarchy of human culture. They also do not study solely the linguistic aspects of culture but integrate this with other aspects of society and culture. Moreover, the assertion that anthropology does not involve a lot of research and fieldwork is incorrect; extensive research and fieldwork are core to anthropology's investigative practices.