Final answer:
The oculomotor (CNIII) and trochlear (CNIV) nerves, which arise from the midbrain, are responsible for controlling various eye movements. The oculomotor nerve also controls eyelid opening.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cranial Nerves Arising from the Midbrain
The midbrain, which develops from the mesencephalon during embryonic development, is the middle region of the adult brain. Two cranial nerves arise from the midbrain: the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) and the trochlear nerve (CNIV). The oculomotor nerve has mostly motor functions, including controlling the opening and closing of the eyelid and various eye movements. On the other hand, the trochlear nerve exclusively provides motor function to the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which is involved in rotating the eye. Both nerves are essential for proper eye movement, with nuclei located in the midbrain that coordinate these actions.
The importance of these cranial nerves is highlighted during a cranial nerve exam which can provide insight into potential damage to specific regions of the brain stem. These two nerves, along with the abducens nerve, innervate the extraocular muscles, which are responsible for the movement of the eyes.