Final answer:
Refusing to work in protest is known as a strike, which is a collective cessation of work by employees to gain certain goals. Strikes have been pivotal in labor movements and civil rights struggles, often resulting in improvements in workers' rights and social justice. The correct option is (2)
Step-by-step explanation:
Refusing to work in protest is known as a strike. This term represents a collective, organized cessation of work by employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain a particular goal from their employer, such as better pay or working conditions. Strikes have been a crucial aspect of labor movements and have played a significant role in improving workers' rights throughout history.
During the civil rights movement, protests against segregation included a variety of nonviolent tactics such as boycotts, marches, sit-ins, and freedom rides. One of the most notable examples of a strike in support of civil rights was the refusal of African Americans to ride the buses during the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., which lasted 381 days and was instrumental in fighting segregation. Similarly, the Greensboro sit-ins, initiated by four students at the North Carolina Agricultural & Technical College, represented a different form of protest where activists occupied a space as a form of protest.
While each of these forms of protest—strikes, sit-ins, boycotts—are distinct, they share the common goal of advocating for change and justice. Each has been strategically used at different points in history to highlight injustice and demand systemic change.