Final answer:
Super Male Syndrome is caused by a cell division error during sperm meiosis leading to an extra Y chromosome in a male (XYY). This results from nondisjunction of sex chromosomes during the formation of gametes, not from a single gene mutation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Super Male Syndrome, also known as XYY Syndrome, is caused by the presence of an extra Y chromosome in males, resulting in an XYY karyotype instead of the typical XY. This condition arises due to an error in cell division, specifically during sperm formation, or meiosis. A nondisjunction event may occur during meiosis I or II, where the sex chromosomes fail to separate properly, leading to a sperm cell with an extra Y chromosome. When this sperm fertilizes a normal egg with one X chromosome, the resulting zygote will have an XYY karyotype.
It is a type of chromosomal disorder where nondisjunction leads to a change in the number of chromosomes, much like what occurs in Down syndrome, but in this case, it affects the sex chromosomes. Unlike gene mutations which affect a single gene, chromosomal disorders involve a larger scale of genetic material, potentially affecting an entire chromosome. Super Male Syndrome does not result from a single gene mutation but is instead a consequence of a larger scale chromosomal aberration during gamete formation.