Final answer:
Cataracts are the only condition listed that do not lead to a sudden loss of vision. The other conditions, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and age-related macular degeneration, can cause rapid vision loss, while cataracts cause a slow deterioration of sight.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cataracts is the condition not associated with the sudden loss of vision, while glaucoma, retinal detachment, and macular degeneration can lead to an abrupt decline in vision. Glaucoma is characterized by a rapid increase in intraocular pressure that can cause immediate damage to the optic nerve, resulting in a swift loss of vision. Retinal detachment occurs when the retina peels away from its underlying layer, disrupting vision swiftly and requiring immediate medical attention.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of blindness, involves the death of cells in the macula leading to vision loss; however, this typically progresses over time rather than suddenly. In contrast, cataracts develop slowly, leading to a gradual reduction in vision as the eye's lens becomes cloudier. Vitamins A and C can help protect against cataract formation, and when the lens is too cloudy, surgery is often prescribed, followed by the fitting of eyeglasses with about 16 D lenses to aid in vision.