Final answer:
Medicare provides certain preventive services without requiring a deductible or a copayment. The ACA aimed to reduce adverse selection and make health insurance more accessible, initially through an individual mandate which required insurance coverage or a fine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question relates to preventive services covered under Medicare without requiring a deductible and a copayment. Medicare is a government health insurance program for eligible individuals, mainly those who are over the age of 65 or have certain disabilities. Part A of Medicare, which covers hospital services for those eligible for Social Security benefits, does usually involve deductibles and copayments. However, there are certain preventive services that are covered without these out-of-pocket costs.
In general, health insurance plans may involve a set deductible, the amount of money that the insured must pay before the insurer starts covering costs, and either a copayment, which is a fixed amount paid for each service or visit, or coinsurance, which is a percentage of the costs that the insured must cover. These cost-sharing measures can contribute to overall healthcare costs for individuals.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as the ACA or Obamacare, aimed to provide coverage for more Americans and reduce instances of adverse selection, a situation where mostly high-risk individuals purchase insurance. One of the provisions of Obamacare included the individual mandate, which required all eligible individuals to have health insurance or face a fine, although this mandate has been altered since its inception.