Final answer:
To be prepared for unexpected braking, drivers should watch for pedestrians, listen for signals such as honking, and be vigilant for animals crossing. Drivers must understand stopping distances, reaction times, and the role of friction in braking.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are multiple situations when drivers should be prepared to brake unexpectedly. One scenario might be when you see a woman pushing a baby stroller down the street, which could indicate potential pedestrian activity on or near the roadway. Similarly, while at an intersection, driver reaction time is crucial if the rear car begins honking, as this could indicate an imminent hazard that may lead to sudden braking. Additionally, encountering a dog that darts out of an open door is another example where a driver must be ready to respond swiftly.
Understanding braking dynamics involves knowing the distance a vehicle covers before braking, the time it takes to come to a stop once the brakes are applied, and the total stopping distance. These factors are influenced by road conditions and the driver's reaction time. For instance, wet pavement can significantly increase the required stopping distance compared to dry conditions.
It is also important to grasp the relationship between static and kinetic friction when braking. As a vehicle comes to a stop, easing off the brake pedal results in a smoother stop due to the transition from kinetic to static friction. This is an essential part of safe driving techniques, as abrupt stops can be dangerous.