Final answer:
The wall that needs to be supported by a foundation and tied into the building's framework is a Load-bearing wall. This wall type is crucial for the structural integrity of a building, as it carries significant weight and must be designed to withstand downward and outward pressures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of wall that must be supported by a masonry or concrete foundation and be tied into the framework of the house is a 3) Load-bearing wall. A load-bearing wall is integral to the structure of the building. It carries the weight from the roof and upper floors, transmitting it to the ground. In the context of home construction, anything outside the private sphere of regular living spaces, such as walls that are a critical part of the building's strength and stability, needs to be carefully designed and built.
The concept of load-bearing architecture is essentially about stacking and piling, meaning that the walls are typically thickest at the base and become gradually thinner towards the top. This design is necessary to manage the forces at play, including the significant pressure that is exerted both downward and outward. As Beth points out, strong walls, and often piers, are needed to support the heavy weight of stone vaulting, and this principle applies to load-bearing walls within a home that have a crucial structural function.