Final answer:
A nurse would advise a patient at high risk for cardiopulmonary disease to avoid high-fat meats, increase their intake of fruits and vegetables, and not reduce their dietary fiber. Lean proteins like white-meat turkey are usually acceptable unless a specific dietary restriction exists.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dietary Instructions for Cardiopulmonary Health
The dietary instructions a nurse would give to a patient at high risk of cardiopulmonary disease include several key recommendations. Patients are advised to:
- Avoid eating high-fat meat to decrease intake of unhealthy saturated fats.
- Increase fruit intake, opting for whole fruits instead of juices to benefit from additional fiber and nutrients.
- Increase vegetable intake, ensuring a variety of colors like green, yellow, red, and orange to maximize vitamin and phytochemical intake.
Additionally, patients should not reduce the amount of dietary fiber in their diet; rather, they should seek to increase it by consuming whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. There is generally no need to avoid white-meat turkey as it is considered a lean source of protein unless otherwise specified by a healthcare provider for individual dietary needs.
Making healthy food choices, such as including ample fiber, reducing the consumption of processed carbohydrates and sugars, and choosing sources of proteins like fish, legumes, and nuts can help mitigate the risk of cardiopulmonary disease. Limiting salt and sugar intake, choosing unsaturated fats over saturated fats, and avoiding trans fats are all essential dietary adjustments for individuals at high risk.