Final answer:
The studs installed above headers and below rough sills where a full-length stud would be placed if there was no opening are called cripple studs. They are short studs that transfer the load around wall openings, and they are crucial for the wall's structural integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kind of studs that are installed above headers and below rough sills in places where a full-length precut stud would go if there were no opening are cripple studs. Cripple studs are short pieces of lumber that are used to transfer the load from the header to the bottom plate, or from the top plate to the lintel in the case of a window.
They are essential for maintaining the structural integrity of a wall with openings such as doors or windows. These studs are part of the wall framing and provide support around the openings.
King studs are full-length studs that run continuously from the bottom plate to the top plate, flanking each side of a window or door opening. Jack studs, sometimes known as trimmer studs, are vertical structural members that directly support the headers and transfer the load down to the bottom plate. They rest on the bottom plate and support the weight of the structure above the door or window.