Final answer:
Passive ROM exercises for the hip include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Knee exercises involve flexion and extension, while ankle exercises should focus on dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. These exercises help maintain joint mobility and prevent stiffness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Passive Range of Motion (ROM) exercises are movements performed on a joint, mainly to maintain flexibility and mobility when a patient or resident is not able to move on their own. For the hip, exercises should include hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and internal and external rotation. For the knee, exercises should focus on flexion and extension movements. In the case of the ankle, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are crucial movements that help to maintain the range of motion. These exercises also serve the purpose of preventing joint stiffness, reducing pain, and improving blood circulation in these areas.
When providing ROM exercises for the hip, gently move the leg forward (flexion) and backward (extension), away from the body (abduction), towards the body (adduction), and rotate it inward and outward. For the knee, bend and straighten the leg to work on flexion and extension. For the ankle, it's important to move the foot upward (dorsiflexion) and downward (plantarflexion), mimicking the action of stepping on a gas pedal. It is essential to perform these movements smoothly and without forcing the joint beyond its capacity, to ensure the safety and comfort of the resident.
Osteoarthritis of the hip joint is the most common cause of hip disability that can necessitate a hip replacement surgery, a procedure often observed through animations in medical study resources. In rehabilitation environments, supportive equipment like braces and assistive devices like canes, walkers, or wheelchairs can also help individuals with limited mobility due to joint issues.