Final answer:
A temporary license cannot be issued to applicants who failed the state examination. Governments use legal discrimination to ensure safety and competency, with occupational licenses indicating education and test completion for various professions. The correct option is 4) Applicants that failed the state examination
Step-by-step explanation:
A temporary license may be issued without a state examination to many different types of applicants, but typically not to applicants who failed the state examination. Governments often engage in what can be considered legal discrimination, setting various thresholds—such as age, test scores, or educational achievement—that individuals must meet in order to engage in certain activities or obtain specific licenses.
These measures are often in place to ensure safety, competency, and public welfare—such as ensuring drivers possess the necessary knowledge and skills to operate a vehicle safely on public roads. Occupational licenses serve to establish quality in the labor market and show that a worker has completed a certain type of education or passed a specific test, such are required for a wide range of professionals including doctors, lawyers, and real estate brokers. The correct option is 4) Applicants that failed the state examination