Final answer:
A citizen's arrest can typically be performed when an individual witnesses a felony and has probable cause.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Right to a Citizen Arrest and Fifth Amendment Protections
In the context of a citizen's arrest, a person may perform such an act typically when they witness a felony taking place and have reasonable grounds or probable cause to believe that the person they are detaining has committed the crime. However, the specifics of this can vary by jurisdiction and it's important to understand the local laws as wrongful arrest can lead to serious legal consequences.
The Fifth Amendment provides protection against self-incrimination, stating that no person "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself." The landmark case Miranda v. Arizona enshrined the requirement for police to inform arrested individuals of their rights to counsel and against self-incrimination—rights that are crucial during police interrogations. This ensures that any statements made by the accused are given voluntarily. Failure to notify individuals of these rights can lead to a violation of the Fifth Amendment protections and may result in evidence being inadmissible in court.
The principles behind these rights are strongly associated with due process, which is guaranteed under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and many national constitutions to protect the freedoms and liberties of individuals facing legal prosecution.