Final answer:
A person can be held responsible for the actions of others through vicarious liability, particularly in relationships where one has a duty of care or control over the actions of another, such as parent-child or employer-employee relationships. Option 3 is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kind of liability through which a person can be held responsible for the negligent acts of a child or employee is known as vicarious liability.
Vicarious liability allows for a person or entity, such as a parent or employer, to be held accountable for the actions of another, when those actions occur within the scope of a relationship or duty, such as the relationship between a parent and child or an employer and employee.
For example, hospitals or health-care workers may be held vicariously liable if they follow a flawed procedure that results in harm, although this can also raise questions of strict liability depending on the context.
Additionally, manufacturers might be held liable under strict liability for harm caused by defective products. In such instances, the role of the government is to enforce regulations to ensure the safety and proper maintenance of medical equipment and protocols.
In the given counter example situation, Susan may be held morally responsible for the harm that came to the children because as a babysitter, she had a duty of care to maintain the safety of the children during her watch. This illustrates the principle of vicarious liability where the person in a supervisory role has a responsibility to foresee and prevent potential harm.