Final answer:
The vagus nerve carries afferent innervation for both pain and reflexes to the lung, contributing to the pulmonary plexus at the lung root.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nerve that carries afferent innervation for both pain and reflexes to the lung is the vagus nerve. Sensory nerve fibers that contribute to the innervation of the lungs, resulting in various reflexive responses such as coughing as well as pain perception, arise from the vagus nerve, which also forms part of the pulmonary plexus. This plexus is situated at the lung root and is essential for sending signals to the brain regarding the status of the lungs.