Final answer:
The voltage drop test on the starter control circuit is used to test the electrical components and connections that supply power to the starter motor, including the battery, cables, and starter relay. It helps identify high resistance areas that could hinder the starter's performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The starter component(s) tested with a voltage drop test on the starter control circuit are primarily related to the electrical connections and components that engage and supply power to the starter motor, such as the battery, battery cables, starter relay, switch, and the starter motor itself. The voltage drop test is designed to identify high resistance in the circuit, which could indicate a problem like corroded battery terminals, a bad connection, or a failing component.
To perform a voltage drop test, a multimeter is used to measure the difference in voltage across a component or connection while the starter is being engaged. When the measured voltage drop is within acceptable limits, it indicates that the component or connection is capable of handling the current without significant resistance. However, if the voltage drop is excessive, this points to a resistance problem that must be addressed to ensure the starter functions properly.
In theory, any added resistance such as those from corroded connections or worn components can seriously diminish the performance of low-voltage, high-current systems like car starters. The effective resistance of the circuit, as well as the potential voltage drop caused by this resistance, can significantly impact the current supplied to and the power consumed by the starter motor.