Final answer:
The case of a woman seeking short-term therapy after witnessing a bank robbery where a clerk was shot and developed symptoms of anxiety is an example of secondary prevention, aiming to reduce the impact of an already occurred traumatic event. so, option 2 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
A woman who is experiencing symptoms of anxiety after witnessing a traumatic event, such as a bank robbery, and is now seeing a psychologist for short-term therapy is considered an example of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is different from primary prevention, which aims to prevent the disease or injury from occurring, and tertiary prevention, which aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. Short-term therapy or brief therapy refers to the duration and type of treatment rather than its preventive nature. Since the woman is already experiencing symptoms of anxiety and is being treated to prevent further psychological harm, this aligns with the goals of secondary prevention.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur after someone experiences a severe psychological trauma. While witnessing a bank robbery where a clerk was shot can lead to PTSD, the development of an anxiety disorder isn't inevitable, and effective treatment options such as psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy can make a substantial difference in managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Treatment for anxiety disorders can also involve pharmacological interventions where appropriate, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or blood pressure medication, depending on individual needs and the specifics of the condition.