Final answer:
A patient with secondary diabetes mellitus on insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs may experience hypoglycemia, suggesting a need for dose adjustment, or hyperglycemia due to insulin antagonists. Pharmacogenetics is integral in individualizing patient medication response.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patients with secondary diabetes mellitus who are utilizing insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as sulfonylureas, will experience various conditions based on their body's response to these treatment options. When experiencing hypoglycemia, suggestive of excessive insulin or drug dose, symptoms like sweating, tremors, and fainting may occur. This indicates that the insulin dosage needs to be adjusted to prevent dangerous drops in blood sugar levels. In contrast, if there is hyperglycemia, which is high blood sugar, it may indicate the presence of excessive insulin antagonists.
Patients like Arya, who are suffering from insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, might face challenges such as an adverse reaction to sulfonylurea which can cause hypoglycemic events. Diagnosing whether a patient's diabetes is due to excessive insulin antagonists or other factors is critical for appropriate treatment. Nonetheless, the ultimate goal of managing diabetes is to maintain blood glucose at a normal range to prevent complications.
Furthermore, pharmacogenetics plays an essential role in understanding how different people respond to medications based on their genetic makeup, potentially paving the way for personalized medical treatments that can minimize adverse effects and enhance efficacy.