Final answer:
Lead toxicity affects various body systems and stays in soft tissues for a short period before settling in bones and teeth for longer durations. High-risk occupations require preventative measures to avoid lead exposure. Pregnant women, the developing fetus, and children are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of lead exposure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lead toxicity is a pressing health issue, particularly for children who may ingest it via old paint, toys, or contaminated dust. The toxic effects of lead on the body are diverse, including interference with DNA transcription, enzyme functioning, red blood cell integrity, bone metabolism, blood vessel permeability, and immune system function. Once absorbed into the body, lead can stay in the soft tissues for a few weeks to months before it is deposited into bones and teeth where it can remain for decades.
For adults, the risk of lead poisoning is typically lower, unless they are engaged in high-risk occupations like plumbing, construction, or automotive repairs. It is crucial for such individuals to take preventative measures to limit exposure, such as changing clothes and showering before coming home to avoid inadvertently exposing family members.
Lead exposure during pregnancy is of particular concern as lead can cross the placenta and affect the fetus, and it can also be released from the mother's bones during pregnancy or transmitted through breast milk. High lead levels can harm children, but adults can also suffer from symptoms at elevated blood lead levels, including memory and concentration problems, high blood pressure, and joint pain. The Centers for Disease Control recommends initiating chelation therapy for children with blood lead levels greater than 40-45 µg/dL.