Final answer:
Early American attitudes towards slavery saw a spectrum from advocacy of abolition by Quakers and individuals like Arthur Lee to defensive proslavery stances in the South. Abolitionist movements and narratives, such as those by Frederick Douglass, highlighted the moral and familial consequences of slavery. The nationwide debate intensified with events like the Missouri question, ultimately leading to vigorous anti-slavery rhetoric and policies, exemplified by President Lincoln's evolving stance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout the pre-Civil War period, there was a significant shift in the view of slavery among both the enslaved and the colonists, with increasing calls for emancipation. Notable abolitionist movements included Quakers like John Woolman and Anthony Benezet condemning slavery and calling for the end of the slave trade, while others, such as Arthur Lee, recognized freedom as a universal birthright. Moreover, abolitionists utilized steam-powered printing to extensively distribute pamphlets and newspapers advocating for anti-slavery, and prominent figures such as Frederick Douglass highlighted the devastating effects of slavery on family structures.
A pivotal moment in the shaping public opinion was the intense debate over the Missouri question, which Thomas Jefferson referred to as 'the fire bell in the night,' indicating the divisive nature of slavery in the Union. The Tallmadge Amendment denouncing slavery as 'immoral' was starkly opposed by Southern Congress members who began to construct arguments for slavery as a 'positive good.'
During the American Revolution, enslaved individuals like Felix filed freedom petitions, arguing that slavery was a violation of natural rights, while White colonists increasingly expressed the paradox of fighting for independence without addressing the issue of emancipation. President Lincoln's middle-ground stance on slavery early in his presidency modified over time to a more strident anti-slavery tone, reflecting the evolving thoughts on the matter.