Question

A sample of titanium dioxide (TiO2)

was prepared as an amorphous
phase. Reaction of this amorphous
titania with trifluoroacetic acid
(CF3COOH) led to the crystallisation
of the TiO2 into one of its common
polymorphs (crystal structures) in the
tetragonal system. The reaction also
led to the surface modification of the
TiO2 particles with trifluoroacetate
groups (i.e. CF3COO- groups bound to
the surface of the particles)

Answer 1

The heat evolved during the production of 1 mole of TiO₂ can be calculated using standard enthalpy of formation values for all reactants and products involved in the reaction of TiCl₄ with H₂O.

Step-by-step explanation:

The heat evolved in the production of 1 mole of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) under standard state conditions is determined by the enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction between titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) and water vapor (H₂O). This exothermic reaction yields titanium dioxide and hydrochloric acid gas as products. To find the exact amount of heat evolved, one would consult the standard enthalpy of formation values for all reactants and products, using the following chemical reaction to perform a thermodynamic calculation: TiCl₄ (g) + 2H₂O(g) → TiO₂ (s) + 4HCl (g).