3. **Langston Hughes:**
- Langston Hughes was a prominent American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He was a central figure in the Harlem Renaissance, an artistic and cultural movement of the 1920s centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City.
- The title of the poem excerpt is not provided, so I cannot specify it based on the information given.
4. **Langston Hughes' Central Purpose:**
- The provided information doesn't include a specific poem excerpt, so I can't comment on it.
- The year "85" is not associated with a specific event or context, so it's unclear which year is being referred to.
5. **Explanation and Justification of Washington's Work:**
- The information doesn't provide the specific poem or excerpt from 1941 that addresses Washington's critics, so I cannot comment on how Hughes explains and justifies Washington's work.
**Practice Question:**
- A. The Harlem Renaissance refers to the movement of African-American artists, poets, and writers who expressed their pride in being black.