Final answer:
The ancient Mali Empire was located in West Africa and was a powerful Islamic kingdom known for its commercial centers like Niani, Timbuktu, and Gao. It flourished due to the trans-Saharan trade, especially in gold, and was a center of Islamic learning under rulers like Mansa Musa before its decline and the rise of the Songhay Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ancient Mali Empire was located in the region of West Africa and is renowned for its role in the trans-Saharan trade routes. Under Sundiata Keita's leadership, Mali empire expanded its territory significantly along the Niger River. The capitals of Mali, such as Niani, Timbuktu, and Gao, were crucial commercial centers and hubs of Islamic learning. Mansa Musa, one of Mali's most famous rulers, made Timbuktu a center of Islamic scholarship by establishing mosques and schools.
The Mali Empire's wealth largely stemmed from its control over goldfields and participation in extensive trade networks. With its rulers' conversion to Islam, Mali drew scholars from across the Islamic world, which contributed to its reputation as a center of learning and culture. However, by 1500 CE, the Mali Empire's influence waned due to the rise of the Songhay Empire and weak leadership within Mali.