False. Short-term memory and working memory are not the same thing, although they are sometimes used interchangeably. Short-term memory is the ability to remember events in the last 15 seconds, while working memory is the ability to actively manipulate items in short-term memory. The ability to manipulate information is the theoretical difference between short-term memory and working memory. Working memory is more important for academic success and can be improved by reducing distractions and providing visuals. Short-term memory can be improved by repetition and chunking.