Final answer:
A respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute in an infant falls within the normal range for this age group, which is between 30 and 60 breaths per minute. No immediate action is required unless the rate is a marked increase from the infant's baseline or other symptoms of distress are present. Ventilation control centers regulate the respiratory rate in response to blood gas levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question asks whether a respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute in an infant with a respiratory infection is cause for concern and what action would be appropriate. Understanding the normal respiratory rates for children of various ages is crucial in assessing whether this infant's respiratory rate is normal or indicative of distress. For an infant under 1 year of age, the normal respiratory rate is between 30 and 60 breaths per minute. Therefore, a respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute falls within the normal range for this age group.
However, if the infant is showing signs of distress, additional symptoms, or if this rate is inconsistent with their baseline (if known), it may still be appropriate to monitor this infant closely. In case the respiratory rate represents an increase from the infant's typical rate or additional clinical signs suggest a worsened condition, medical intervention may be needed. As the ventilation control centers within the medulla oblongata regulate respiratory rate primarily in response to changes in carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH levels, it is essential for the nurse to assess the overall clinical picture.