Final answer:
The application of data and information is Knowledge, which is essential for interpreting data in various fields such as politics and sociology, and is deeply tied to analytical intelligence and scientific inquiry. Therefore, the correct answer is option B. Knowledge
Step-by-step explanation:
The application of data and information is Knowledge. When data are collected and analyzed, they become information. The application of this information, in turn, becomes knowledge. Knowledge is the understanding and skills gained through experience or education. It's the practical or theoretical insight into a subject. In today's society, the ability to apply knowledge to decipher data is crucial. People use knowledge in various scenarios, from understanding what data indicates about consumer preferences to making decisions in political science or sociology. In normative political science, questions are addressed with logic and reasoning, which is grounded on data and analysis. Sociology teaches individuals how to apply statistical methods to data to understand and analyze societal trends.
Furthermore, fluid intelligence is characterized by the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. This form of intelligence is crucial when examining data to look for trends, which requires analytical intelligence. Understanding the evidence or data gathered from our senses or reflection helps build a foundation of knowledge, especially when such data has been tested and affirmed as true through repeated observation.
In science, conducting actual scientific research, like making observations of wildlife while hiking in the woods, is an example of applying knowledge. This experiential learning is what differentiates knowledge from mere information or data. It leads to developing observational and analytical skills that can be applied in various contexts, whether it's a scientific inquiry or everyday problem-solving.