Final Answer:
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels resulting from either inadequate insulin production or the body's inability to use insulin effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetes Mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder affecting how the body utilizes glucose. Glucose, a sugar derived from food, is the primary source of energy for cells. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells for energy or storage. In Diabetes Mellitus, there are two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 results from the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to insufficient insulin production. Type 2 occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. This results in elevated blood sugar levels, which can lead to various complications affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves if not managed effectively.
When food is consumed, carbohydrates break down into glucose, elevating blood sugar levels. In a healthy individual, insulin helps transport glucose from the bloodstream into cells for energy. However, in Diabetes Mellitus, insufficient insulin or insulin resistance impedes this process, causing blood sugar levels to rise. Monitoring blood sugar levels, adhering to a proper diet, regular exercise, and medication or insulin therapy are essential in managing Diabetes Mellitus. Treatment aims to keep blood sugar levels within a target range to prevent complications and maintain overall health.
The measurement of blood sugar levels is crucial in managing Diabetes Mellitus. Normal fasting blood sugar levels typically range from 70 to 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Postprandial (after eating) levels should ideally remain below 180 mg/dL. Monitoring blood sugar levels helps individuals with diabetes adjust their diet, medication, or insulin doses to maintain optimal levels and prevent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) or hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) episodes, both of which can be harmful if left uncontrolled.