Final answer:
It is possible to create L forms of bacteria—variants lacking a cell wall—manually by chemical processes. Of the options provided, None of the above is the right answer. Therefore, the correct option is 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
In contrast to the previously discussed strategies of bacterial genetic exchange—transformation, transduction, and conjugation—L form induction entails exposing bacteria to particular substances that prevent the manufacture of their cell walls.
L forms can arise from the disruption of the bacterial cell wall caused by the use of antibiotics such as penicillin or lysozyme. Without a protective cell wall, the bacteria adopt a morphology deficient in cell walls, which might result in spherical or irregular shapes. Studies on antibiotic resistance and bacterial survival are affected by this phenomena.
Therefore, the correct option is 4.