Question

2. Apart from carbon dioxide, water and salts, what do plants need in order to make their food? 3. In frogs gaseous exchange takes place continually through the skin. In what conditions would you expect to use its lungs? 5. Ventilation of gills and lungs requires muscular activity. Where does this muscular activity 4. Why do large, active animals need special breathing organs and circulatory system? take place in a) mammals, b) fish? 6. Which of the following animals would you expect to have external and which internal fertilization: a. butterfly b. mussel C. d. e. f. sparrow earthworm snake frog? In each case give the reason for your answer. 7. Why do you think courtship behavior is necessary for the success of both internal and fertilization? 8. a) In what ways does asexual reproduction in mucor differ from asexual reproduction in flowering plants? b) How does a spore differ from a seed? 9. Which of the following is not part of sexual reproduction: mitosis, gametes, meiosis, cell division, zygote? 10. a fish may lay hundreds of eggs; a bird may lay only five or six. Despite this difference in the number of eggs the numbers of birds and fish do not change much. Suggest reasons for this. 11. How do birds achieve lift a. in flapping flight, b. in gliding flight? 12. Which of your sense organs respond to the stimuli of: a. light b. temperature c. chemicals? 13. Name an insect you have studied which shows complete metamorphosis in its life cycle. lit three external features of this animal which help to identify it as an insect. Ecolo​

Answer 1

Aerobic organisms like mammals need oxygen and give carbon dioxide as a waste product, and this exchange necessitates a circulatory system for efficient distribution. Amphibians can breathe through their skin or use throat pouch muscles to force air into their lungs. They display numerous adaptations for terrestrial life, including strategies against drying out and structural support.

All aerobic organisms, including humans and other mammals, require oxygen to carry out their metabolic functions and give off carbon dioxide as a waste product. In animals like mammals, oxygen is transported from the lungs to the body tissues via a complex circulatory system, which is essential due to the increased body size and activity levels that necessitate efficient oxygen distribution and carbon dioxide removal. For instance, amphibians such as frogs have adapted to breathing through their skin, but they can also fill their lungs by collecting air in a throat pouch and contracting muscles to force air in—a different process than the diaphragm-driven inhalation seen in humans.

Amphibians reproduce through fertilization, which can be external or internal, depending on the species. During the larval stage, which occurs in water, amphibians undergo significant changes such as developing limbs and lung-based breathing to prepare for life on land. This transition from water to land has led to a variety of adaptations, including the development of structural support and ways to prevent desiccation.

Gas exchange in amphibians occurs across their skin when they are underwater but can also occur in the lungs when they are on land, especially in conditions where the temperature or oxygen concentration in the water is low. The ventilatory muscles involved in the process are located in the throat for frogs, while in mammals like humans they are part of the diaphragm and rib cage. Meanwhile, in fish, the muscles required are part of the opercular and gill arch system.