Final answer:
The response time for changes in the atmosphere, land surface, ocean surface, sea ice, mountain glaciers, deep-ocean, and ice sheets can vary depending on the specific change being studied. Short-term changes can occur over a period of months to years, while long-term changes can take decades or even centuries to become noticeable.
Step-by-step explanation:
The response time for changes in the atmosphere, land surface, ocean surface, sea ice, mountain glaciers, deep-ocean, and ice sheets can vary depending on the specific change being studied.
For example, short-term changes like melting of glaciers and rise in water levels can occur over a period of months to years. On the other hand, long-term changes like changes in seasonal patterns can take decades or even centuries to become noticeable.
It is important to note that these response times can also be influenced by factors such as the rate of change and the sensitivity of the system being studied.