Final answer:
The Law of Independent Assortment applies to the sorting of alleles for multiple traits into gametes, ensuring diverse combinations of alleles are possible, and is best demonstrated through the use of dihybrid crosses.The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mendel's Second Law, also known as the Law of Independent Assortment, states that the inheritance pattern of one trait will not affect the inheritance pattern of another, allowing for various combinations of alleles to be distributed into gametes. This concept can be demonstrated through a dihybrid cross, where two characteristics are crossed between true-breeding parents with different traits.
For example, when crossing pea plants with green, wrinkled seeds (yyrr) with those that have yellow, round seeds (YYRR), each parent produces gametes with allelic combinations based on their genotypes, producing an F₁ generation of offspring with a genotype of YyRr, illustrating independent assortment.
Accordingly, Mendel's Second Law (Law of Independent Assortment) applies to the sorting of alleles for multiple traits into gametes, ensuring that every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur. It does not directly relate to dominant and recessive gene interactions (B), the segregation of alleles during gamete formation (C), or chromosome crossover during meiosis (D). The correct option is c.