Final answer:
The University of Michigan Studies identified two types of leadership as employee orientation and transactional orientation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The University of Michigan Studies distinguished two leadership styles: employee orientation and transactional orientation. Employee orientation focuses on building positive relationships, emphasizing the well-being and job satisfaction of employees.
Leaders exhibiting this style prioritize teamwork and collaboration. In contrast, transactional orientation revolves around task completion and performance monitoring. Transactional leaders use rewards and punishments to motivate, emphasizing adherence to rules and efficient task execution.
The University of Michigan Studies, conducted in the 1940s, significantly contributed to leadership theories by categorizing these distinct orientations, influencing subsequent research on leadership styles and organizational behavior.