Final answer:
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder in which multiple abnormal cysts develop and grow in the kidneys. This condition can cause various symptoms and may lead to kidney failure.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a full-term newborn is diagnosed with polycystic kidneys in a hospital after a vaginal delivery, it may be a congenital disorder called Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) or Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD).
Usually manifesting in childhood and early infancy, ARPKD causes enlarged kidneys as a result of fluid-filled cyst development. Conversely, ADPKD typically appears later in life. Genetic mutations underlie both illnesses; PKHD1 gene mutations cause ARPKD, whereas PKD1 or PKD2 gene mutations cause ADPKD.
Monitoring renal function, treating problems, and providing supportive care are common components of management. Understanding the inheritance pattern and potential dangers for future pregnancies requires genetic counselling for the family.