Final answer:
In biochemistry, during enzyme reaction studies, the system is the specific reaction under examination, while the surroundings, part of the Universe, include the reaction vessel and external environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
In biology and biochemistry, to study the flow of energy during an enzyme reaction, it is essential to differentiate between the 'system' and its 'surroundings.' The system refers to the specific portion of the universe that is being examined, in this case, the enzyme reaction itself. Everything else that is not part of the reaction but can interact with it, such as the reaction's container or the external environment, comprises the 'surroundings.' Therefore, when a cell biologist studies how a specific enzyme reaction works, anything that is not the enzyme or substrate, including the reaction vessel or external laboratory conditions, would be considered part of the Universe and not part of the System.