Final answer:
A clone of lymphocytes refers to a group of cells that share the same antigen receptor, which are specific to a part of an antigen known as the epitope. These receptors are crucial for the activation and the subsequent immune response of B and T cells. The diversity of these antigen receptors allows the immune system to recognize and respond to a wide range of pathogens.
Step-by-step explanation:
A group of lymphocytes that share the same antigen receptor is known as a clone. These clones are formed through a process called clonal selection. When an antigen enters the body, only those lymphocytes with receptors specific to that antigen are stimulated to proliferate. Each lymphocyte has a unique antigen receptor, either a T cell receptor or a B cell receptor, which allows it to bind to a specific part of the antigen known as the epitope. The proliferation of these lymphocytes ensures that the body has a large number of specific immune cells available to fight the infection.
The antigen receptors of B lymphocytes are embedded in their membranes and can bind a variety of antigens through variable regions. These receptors are part of a large and dynamic repertoire in each individual, capable of recognizing virtually any pathogen through its unique antigenic determinants. The receptor-mediated recognition of antigens is central to the activation of both B and T cells, which eventually leads to a targeted immune response against the pathogens.