Final answer:
Cloning genes allows for the creation of multiple gene copies for use in gene therapy and medical treatments, as well as for the diagnosis of genetic disorders at an early stage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cloning genes permits two significant things that have profound implications for both medicine and agriculture. Firstly, it allows for the creation of multiple copies of genes, which can be used in various applications such as gene therapy and the production of medicines like synthetic insulin. Secondly, gene cloning paves the way for the enhanced diagnosis of hereditary diseases in early stages, such as in the fetus, by using techniques like rDNA technology to identify genetic disorders.
Gene cloning involves inserting a gene of interest into a plasmid to be taken up by bacteria, which will then replicate and express the gene. This is the foundational technique behind producing transgenic organisms and is essential for molecular studies, medical treatments, and advancements in crop technology. However, when considering crop plants, the lack of genetic variation in cloned populations must be weighed against their benefits, such as increased disease resistance or yield.