Question

what is the presence of G or C in the last five bases from the 3' end of primers that promote specific binding at the 3' end called?

Answer 1

The inclusion of G or C bases at the 3' end of primers increases specificity and strength of binding, critical for efficient and accurate DNA amplification during PCR.

Step-by-step explanation:

The presence of G (guanine) or C (cytosine) in the last five bases from the 3' end of primers that promote specific binding at the 3' end is critical for enhancing the specificity of the primer annealing process during PCR amplification.

It is crucial because G and C have three hydrogen bonds between them, compared to the two hydrogen bonds between A (adenine) and T (thymine), making the binding stronger and more specific at the critical 3' region of the primer. Proper primer design facilitates efficient and accurate DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases.