Final Answer:
The cell cycle consists of distinct phases: G1 (cell growth and preparation), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (further growth and preparation for division), M (mitosis or cell division), and G0 (a resting phase where cells exit the cycle). In G1, cells grow and perform normal functions; during S, DNA replication occurs; G2 involves additional growth and preparation for division; M includes mitosis, where the cell divides into two daughter cells, and G0 is a non-dividing state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cell cycle is a series of events that cells go through to divide and produce new cells. It is divided into several phases, each with specific activities. G1, or the gap phase 1, is a period of cell growth and normal functioning. Cells increase in size, synthesize proteins, and prepare for DNA synthesis.
The S phase follows G1 and is the DNA synthesis phase. During S, the cell's DNA is replicated, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. After S phase, the cell enters G2, or gap phase 2, characterized by additional growth and preparation for cell division. The cell checks its DNA for errors and ensures that it is ready for mitosis.
Mitosis (M phase) is the phase where the cell physically divides into two daughter cells. It consists of several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Finally, some cells may enter G0, a non-dividing state where they temporarily or permanently exit the cell cycle. This phase is common in cells that have completed their function or those that are not actively dividing. Understanding the cell cycle is crucial for various biological processes and is particularly significant in the context of cell growth, development, and the regulation of cell division.