Question

Please match the following words to their definitions. Adam Smith Baron De Montesquieu Bill of Rights Charles Darwin Copernicus Democracy Divine Right of Kings Enlightenment Enlightened Despot Federalism Industrial Revolution Leonardo De Vinci Magna Carta Martin Luther Natural Rights Salon Social Contract Sovereignty Thomas Edison Thomas Hobbes Thomas Jefferson Voltaire 1. A form of Government in which the Supreme authority rests with the people. The word comes from the Greek Words: Demos = people and Kratos = power. * Your answer 2. Form of Government in which those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people. * Your answer 3. Supreme and absolute power within its own territory. * Your answer 4. Certain unalienable rights to which all people are entitled: the right to life, liberty, property, freedom of speech and religion, and equality before the law. * Your answer 5. 1215 "Great Charter" document guaranteed basic political rights in England. Ex. Right to trial by a jury of his or her peers. * Your answer 6. System of Government in which the written constitution divides power between a central or national Govt. and several local governments. (State) * Your answer 7. First 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution that guarantee basic rights such as freedom of speech and religion, trial by jury, and protection against cruel and unusual * Your answer 8. 1543 Heliocentric Theory ( Earth revolves around the Sun) * Your answer 9. Developed the Theory of separation of power; in order to prevent too much power in the hands of one government agency. ( Ex. U.S. Three branches of Government (executive/legislative/judicial) that check each other) * Your answer 10. Monarchs who embraced new ideas and made reforms that reflected the enlightenment spirit. Ex. Catherine and Frederick the Great * Your answer 11. a term created by Thomas Hobbes to describe the agreement in which the people give up their individual rights in exchange for the law and order provided by the government. * Your answer 12. The concept that Kings were appointed by God * Your answer 13. 18th-century French writer and philosopher who defended freedom of religion, speech, and promoted tolerance. The U.S. borrowed his ideas for the 1st Amendment of the Constitution. * Your answer 14. An 18th-century intellectual movement led by the philosophes: stressed the application of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of life. * Your answer 15. Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas influenced Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution protection of Natural Rights such as Life liberty and property * Your answer 16. Wrote the book Leviathan 1651 – Concerning the Social Contract – he believed people were wicked and selfish and needed a powerful government to maintain order and protect their natural rights * Your answer 17. Laissez-Faire Economics, Wrote the book " Wealth of Nation". Believed that self-interest, not government intervention fueled an efficient economy. Father of Capitalism * Your answer 18. German Monk, who started the Protestant Reformation in the early 1500’s. * Your answer 19. Social gathering of intellectual and artists held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris during the enlightenment. * Your answer 20. The originator of the concepts of adaptation and evolution *

Answer 1

The matched words to their definitions are :

1. Democracy: A form of government in which the supreme authority rests with the people.
2. Divine Right of Kings: The concept that kings were appointed by God.
3. Sovereignty: Supreme and absolute power within its own territory.
4. Natural Rights: Certain unalienable rights to which all people are entitled.
5. Magna Carta: Document that guaranteed basic political rights in England.
6. Federalism: System of government in which power is divided between a central/national government and local governments.
7. Bill of Rights: First 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing basic rights.
8. Copernicus: Originator of the Heliocentric Theory (Earth revolves around the Sun).
9. Baron De Montesquieu: Developed the Theory of separation of power.
10. Enlightened Despot: Monarchs who embraced new ideas and made reforms reflecting Enlightenment spirit.
11. Social Contract: Agreement in which people give up individual rights in exchange for law and order provided by the government.
12. Voltaire: 18th-century writer and philosopher who defended freedom of religion and speech.
13. Enlightenment: 18th-century intellectual movement stressing reason and scientific method.
14. John Locke: Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas influenced protection of natural rights.
15. Thomas Hobbes: Wrote "Leviathan," believed in a powerful government to maintain order.
16. Adam Smith: Advocated Laissez-Faire Economics, wrote "Wealth of Nations."
17. Martin Luther: German monk who started the Protestant Reformation.
18. Salon: Social gathering of intellectuals and artists during the Enlightenment.
19. Charles Darwin: Originator of concepts of adaptation and evolution.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Enlightenment, an 18th-century intellectual movement, birthed ideas that reshaped society and governance across Europe. Philosophers like John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu championed principles that influenced the very fabric of governance.

Locke's advocacy for natural rights—inalienable entitlements such as life and liberty—echoed through Thomas Jefferson's drafting of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Meanwhile, Montesquieu's notion of separating governmental powers, later embodied in the U.S. Constitution, aimed to prevent tyranny.

This era also birthed the concept of social contracts, where citizens relinquish some rights for government's protective order, as proposed by Thomas Hobbes. Such ideas paved the way for democracies, where power rests with the people, rather than the divine right of kings, shaking the foundations of traditional governance.

Additionally, the Enlightenment fostered gatherings like salons, nurturing intellectual discourse and the spread of these revolutionary ideas.