Question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?

Answer 1

A disadvantage of correlational research is that it does not establish causation between variables.

Step-by-step explanation:

Correlational research explores the relationship between two or more variables, examining how changes in one variable correspond to changes in another. However, it does not provide evidence of causation. The absence of a causal link is a fundamental limitation because correlation does not account for other factors that may influence the observed relationship. For instance, if a study finds a positive correlation between ice cream sales and drowning incidents, it does not mean that buying ice cream causes an increase in drowning. There might be a third variable, such as warm weather, influencing both ice cream sales and swimming activities. The correlation is coincidental, highlighting the crucial distinction between correlation and causation.

Moreover, correlational research does not quantify the strength of the relationship or the direction of causality. The correlation coefficient (r) ranges from -1 to 1, with 0 indicating no correlation. However, this coefficient does not reveal the strength of the relationship or the nature of the association. A correlation of 0.7 could signify a strong positive relationship, but it does not indicate which variable influences the other. Without experimental manipulation and control, establishing causation remains elusive.

In experimental research, random assignment helps control extraneous variables, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship. In contrast, correlational studies lack this experimental control, making it challenging to draw definitive conclusions about causation. In summary, while correlational research is valuable for identifying associations, it falls short in establishing causal connections, requiring caution in interpreting findings.

Answer 2

The disadvantage of a correlational research is that it provides ambiguous interpretations of causes and effects. The correct answer is B.

Step-by-step explanation:

Correlational research involves examining the relationship between two variables to determine if and how they change together. However, it doesn't establish a cause-and-effect relationship. While it's useful for identifying connections and predicting behaviors, it lacks the ability to determine causation.

This ambiguity in causation is a significant drawback. Without controlling variables or conducting experiments, it's challenging to establish which variable influences the other or if an unknown factor is affecting both. Consequently, making definitive conclusions about cause and effect based solely on correlation is problematic.

Researchers must be cautious not to mistake correlation for causation, as it can lead to misleading interpretations and conclusions in scientific inquiry. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

The question seems incomplete, but I suppose the question was:

"Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?

A. It involves important variables in natural settings.

B. It provides ambiguous interpretations of causes and effects.

C. It assists in reading newspapers and magazines.

D. It takes place in a laboratory."