Final answer:
The following study contains threats to statistical validity due to inadequate randomization and a small sample size.
Step-by-step explanation:
Inadequate randomization poses a threat to statistical validity in the study. The researchers did not sufficiently randomize the assignment of participants to different experimental conditions, increasing the risk of confounding variables affecting the results. Randomization helps ensure that each group is comparable at the baseline, but without proper random assignment, the internal validity of the study is compromised.
Additionally, the small sample size in the study introduces another threat to statistical validity. With a limited number of participants, the study may lack the statistical power needed to detect significant effects if they exist. This increases the likelihood of Type II errors, where the study fails to identify a true effect due to insufficient sample size. In statistical terms, a larger sample size provides a more accurate representation of the population and enhances the study's ability to detect real differences or effects.
In summary, the study's threats to statistical validity arise from inadequate randomization and a small sample size. These issues compromise the internal validity and generalizability of the findings. Proper randomization and a larger sample size are essential to strengthen the study's statistical foundation and enhance the reliability of its conclusions.