Final answer:
Cate's relatively light-colored skin indicates her body produces less melanin. Melanin is the primary determinant of skin color and increases with UV exposure.
The correct answer is option b) Less melanin.
Step-by-step explanation:
The color of human skin is primarily determined by the presence and distribution of a pigment called melanin. Melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes. People with lighter skin tones have fewer melanocytes and produce less melanin, resulting in a lighter complexion.
This is an evolutionary adaptation influenced by the amount of sunlight in different regions. Melanin provides some protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. In contrast, individuals with darker skin tones have more melanin, which offers better protection against the intense sunlight found in equatorial regions.
Therefore, Cate's relatively light-colored skin indicates that her body produces less melanin.
The correct answer is option b) Less melanin.