Question

energy provided by fusion maintains the outwards pressure that stops the star from collapsing in on itself

Answer 1

The energy released through nuclear fusion processes within a star generates intense radiation and high-speed particles. This outward flow of energy creates a pressure that counteracts the gravitational forces trying to collapse the star, maintaining its stability.

Step-by-step explanation

Stars are gigantic celestial bodies primarily composed of hydrogen undergoing nuclear fusion in their cores. In this fusion process, hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing an immense amount of energy in the form of gamma rays. The energy generated exerts a pressure, known as radiation pressure, that pushes outward from the star's core. According to the hydrostatic equilibrium equation, this radiation pressure opposes the gravitational force trying to compress the star. The equilibrium is expressed as:

`\[ (dP)/(dr) = -\rho \cdot (GM_r)/(r^2) \]`

where (P) is pressure, (r) is the radial distance from the star's center, (rho) is the density, (G) is the gravitational constant, and (M_r) is the mass within radius (r). The fusion-produced energy ((dP/dr)) balances with the gravitational force, preventing the star from collapsing.

Furthermore, the temperature and pressure created by fusion reactions in the star's core are governed by the ideal gas law. The equation (PV = nRT) relates pressure ((P)), volume ((V)), number of moles ((n)), gas constant ((R)), and temperature ((T)). This law helps to quantify the dynamic interplay between fusion-generated energy and the resulting pressure, crucial for maintaining the star's equilibrium and preventing gravitational collapse.

Full Question:

How does the energy provided by fusion maintain the outwards pressure that stops the star from collapsing in on itself?